Convert your Ubuntu/Debian between different versions, like Desktop to Server

There is a very useful tool under Debian/Ubuntu GNU/Linux called tasksel, which can help us “convert” our Debian/Ubuntu between versions.

Install via apt-get/aptitude:

peter@peter-lab ~ $ sudo apt-get install tasksel
[sudo] password for peter:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
tasksel-data
The following NEW packages will be installed:
tasksel tasksel-data
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 46 not upgraded.
Need to get 36.0 kB of archives.
After this operation, 385 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 http://ubuntu.mirror/ubuntu/ trusty/main tasksel-data all 2.88ubuntu15 [6,366 B]
Get:2 http://ubuntu.mirror/ubuntu/ trusty/main tasksel all 2.88ubuntu15 [29.7 kB]
Fetched 36.0 kB in 0s (363 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package tasksel-data.
(Reading database ... 229261 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../tasksel-data_2.88ubuntu15_all.deb ...
Unpacking tasksel-data (2.88ubuntu15) ...
Selecting previously unselected package tasksel.
Preparing to unpack .../tasksel_2.88ubuntu15_all.deb ...
Unpacking tasksel (2.88ubuntu15) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for menu (2.1.46ubuntu1) ...
Setting up tasksel-data (2.88ubuntu15) ...
Setting up tasksel (2.88ubuntu15) ...
Processing triggers for menu (2.1.46ubuntu1) ...

and run:

peter@peter-lab ~ $ sudo tasksel

It’ll show you a menu like this:

tasksel_menu
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Stop the annoying USB power autosuspend under GNU/Linux

Got a problem that the usb mouse will been poweroff/suspend periodically on Linuxmint 17 when the notebook is not in ac mode, here is a quick fix without rebooting system:

echo "-1" | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/devices/*/power/autosuspend_delay_ms
echo "on" | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/devices/*/power/control

For permanent change, for example on Debian / Ubuntu based GNU/Linux, with usbcore module:

echo "options usbcore autosuspend=-1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/disable-usb-autosuspend.conf 
options usbcore autosuspend=-1

Reference:

Linux kernel Power Management for USB documentation:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/usb/power-management.txt

How to disable auto power off of usb devices like usb mouse?
http://askubuntu.com/a/301416

Remotely shutdown/restart Windows via Linux on Debian/Ubuntu based Linux

Need samba-common package first, install via apt:

$ sudo apt-get install samba-common

Then use this command to shutdown the computer remotely(replace ip, username and password with your own):

$ net rpc shutdown --ipaddress ip --user username%password

Add -r if you want to restart, not shutdown:

$ net rpc shutdown -r --ipaddress ip --user username%password

After execution, here is the success message:

Shutdown of remote machine succeeded

If receive these messages below means something failed:

Could not connect to server 192.168.1.55
Connection failed: NT_STATUS_IO_TIMEOUT
Connection failed: NT_STATUS_RESOURCE_NAME_NOT_FOUND
Could not initialise pipe winreg. Error was NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND

There are many functions provide by net [rpc], like:

net rpc audit Modify global audit settings
net rpc info Show basic info about a domain
net rpc join Join a domain
net rpc oldjoin Join a domain created in server manager
net rpc testjoin Test that a join is valid
net rpc user List/modify users
net rpc password Change a user password
net rpc group List/modify groups
net rpc share List/modify shares
net rpc file List open files
net rpc printer List/modify printers
net rpc changetrustpw Change trust account password
net rpc trustdom Modify domain trusts
net rpc abortshutdown Abort a remote shutdown
net rpc shutdown Shutdown a remote server
net rpc samdump Dump SAM data of remote NT PDC
net rpc vampire Sync a remote NT PDC’s data into local passdb
net rpc getsid Fetch the domain sid into local secrets.tdb
net rpc rights Manage privileges assigned to SID
net rpc service Start/stop/query remote services
net rpc registry Manage registry hives
net rpc shell Open interactive shell on remote server
net rpc trust Manage trusts
net rpc conf Configure a remote samba server

Check man rpc for more details!

Build Chromium OS from source [notes]

Environment: Ubuntu server 14.04.2 LTS x86_64 with Xeon E3-1230 V2 and 8G ram

Reference: Chromium OS Quick Start Guide

Step by step:

Install the necessary packages:
[bash]$ sudo aptitude install git-core gitk git-gui subversion curl[/bash]

Install depot_tools:
[bash]$ git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools.git –depth 1[/bash]
Add depot_tools to your PATH:
[bash]$ export PATH=`pwd`/depot_tools:"$PATH"[/bash]

Tweak sudoers config:

[bash]
cd /tmp
cat > ./sudo_editor <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
echo Defaults \!tty_tickets > \$1 # Entering your password in one shell affects all shells
echo Defaults timestamp_timeout=180 >> \$1 # Time between re-requesting your password, in minutes
EOF
chmod +x ./sudo_editor
sudo EDITOR=./sudo_editor visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/relax_requirements
[/bash]

Create directory for chromiumos:
[bash]$ mkdir -p ${HOME}/chromiumos[/bash]
Get the source code:
[bash]$ cd ${HOME}/chromiumos
$ repo init -u https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/manifest.git –repo-url https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/repo.git
$ repo sync[/bash]

Create(and enter) a chroot(still in the directory for chromiumos):
[bash]$ cros_sdk[/bash]

Choose a board you want to build for, from ~/trunk/src/overlays, and export it to environment:
[bash]chroot$ export BOARD=amd64-generic[/bash] (I selected amd64 arch)
Setup board:
[bash]chroot$ ~/trunk/src/scripts/setup_board –board=${BOARD}[/bash]
Setup password:
[bash]chroot$ ~/trunk/src/scripts/set_shared_user_password.sh[/bash]
(if you want to config kernel, you can try to configure it now, via ~/trunk/src/third_party/kernel/v3.4/chromeos/scripts/kernelconfig, place v3.4 with your kernel version here)
Build packages:
[bash]chroot$ ~/trunk/src/scripts/build_packages –board=${BOARD}[/bash]
Build image(we are almost there):
[bash]chroot$ ~/trunk/src/scripts/build_image –board=${BOARD} –noenable_rootfs_verification dev[/bash]

Copy image to a usb drive:
[bash]chroot$ cros flash –board=${BOARD} usb://[/bash]
or copy to file:
[bash]chroot$ cros flash –board=${BOARD} file://./[/bash]
or create a imgage for virtual machine
(default for kvm, for other vm you can pass parameters –format=vmware or –format=virtualbox):
[bash]chroot$ ~/trunk/src/scripts/image_to_vm.sh –board=${BOARD}[/bash]
(image will be here : ~/trunk/src/build/images/${BOARD}/latest/)

If you copy image to a file, you can use dd to write to a usb disk like this:
[bash]$ sudo dd if=./chromiumos_image.bin of=/dev/sde bs=4M[/bash]

And then you can boot a computer via this usb disk now.

If you got kernel panic, you may need to press Esc and try this command to boot
[bash]chromeos-usb.A boot=/dev/sdX3[/bash], X may be a~e

If you want to install Chromium OS to your hard disk, try this command when your usb disk boot up:
[bash]$ sudo /usr/sbin/chromeos-install[/bash], PS, it’ll wipe your disk!!!

Don’t know what’s the reason why it’ll keep getting deadly segment fault and hang, but it works on my acer Aspire one D150, a super old notebook, the performance is not so good, and I don’t know how to remap the keyboard on it(there are 3 broken keys orz …), so I just quit, ha!

Only 2 screenshots this time … took by my low-end phone.
ChromiumOS

ChromiumOS2